BIO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

BIO - Essay Example John Scopes’s job in the Scopes preliminary was that of the litigant, inferable from the way that he was the educator who conflicted with the Tennessee State’s law that restricted instructing of development in schools, by straightforwardly doing it at the secondary school he was showing science (PBS, n.p.). Clarence Darrow was the protection attorney for the blamed in the Scopes Trial, who guarded the privilege of John Scopes to show advancement and the Darwin hypothesis in class (PBS, n.p.). He didn't just shield Scopes furiously, yet in addition utilized it as a stage to connect with his long-term rival in issues of religion, William Jennings Bryan (PBS, n.p.). William Jennings Bryan affirmed in the Scopes Trial as a specialist in Biblical issues, yet in the background the declaration was intended to make a stage where he would draw in Clarence Darrow regarding the matter of development, which Bryan was totally contradicted to (PBS, n.p.). In the court, their challenge of thoughts between the Biblical stand and the idea of advancement in science nearly started a physical

Multicultural Experience For Collective - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Multicultural Experience For Collective Creativity? Answer: Introducation This exposition presents the tremendous scope of hierarchical practices experienced while working in the organization. A working environment is one of the most socially assorted condition as it comprises of people from various social foundation alongside exceptional practices and inclinations. Because of this tremendous decent variety at the work environment, challenges as far as correspondence, profitability and inspiration are every now and again experienced. Thusly, this exposition mirrors the diagram of the diverse hierarchical practices alongside breaking down the reasons. The exposition incorporates the utilization of inspirational speculations to dissect the hierarchical practices and its application in upgrading the work execution of the representatives inside the association. As remarked by Ang Van Dyne (2015), an association or work environment is the most socially assorted condition, as it includes people with various foundations, inclinations and working style. While filling in as a group, I have distinguished different social issues inside the association. As per Rice (2015), authoritative pressure is one of the critical issue experienced while filling in as a group. From week 3, I have discovered that authoritative pressure can ascend because of inclinations in the working style and fluctuating attitudes. This is on the grounds that another probably won't incline toward the working style of one representative. Then again, stress may emerge because of the contention between the administrators and workers. As indicated by me, stress prompts the negative workplace that brings down the efficiency of the associations. As the representatives are focused on, they can't underscore on the objectives and destinations of the associations. I feel pressure can pr ompt burnout of workers. As per me, stress creates negative attitude inside the representatives accordingly, hampering the efficiency. Therefore, the representatives create absence of duty and commitment issues towards their work. I think pressure prompts terrible showing in this manner, hampering the general hierarchical exhibition. As indicated by the week 3 module, I learn that pressure prompts hierarchical conduct issues that hamper the attributes of the workers. As indicated by me, stress hampers the time the board nature of the workers. As the representatives are as of now focused on, they lose their capacity to oversee time and complete the work inside time. In this way, the presentation and the inspiration of the representative are hampered. Also, stress brings about moving of the concentration for the workers. As the representatives are focused on, they can't concentrate on the objectives and targets and plan likewise to finish the errand effectively. I have discovered that pressure hampers the capacity of the people to recall things that they definitely know and execute it while working. Because of stress, workers are effectively diverted and helpless against make expensive, destructive and deadly mix-ups at work. As referenced by Elias, Smith Barney (2012), conduct changes lead to increment in the representative turnover accordingly, influencing the money related part of the associations. I have discovered that conduct changes lead to absence of responsibility for the representatives. As the representatives need devotion and duty towards their work, the authoritative presentation is hampered and the association can't accomplish the objectives. Hence, the business associations need to select new people with more noteworthy work devotion and duty. Therefore, the worker turnover of the organization will increment subsequently, squandering the assets of the organization. As indicated by Andersen, Nielsen Brinkmann (2012), social issues are likewise seen because of absence of inspiration. I have discovered that absence of inspiration brings about the absence of commitment, exact direction and capacity to accomplish objectives. As per me, absence of inspiration likewise brings about low duty inside the representatives along these lines, influencing the general authoritative presentation. I have likewise discovered that wrong inspiration brings about low execution from the representatives. Thus, by and large plunge in the authoritative execution is taken note. Conduct issues are frequently experienced inside the association because of group works. A group is made out of socially assorted people (Erez et al., 2013). This is on the grounds that various people inside the group may have various inclinations as far as working style, convictions, and social foundation. Consequently, I have discovered that inclinations among the people lead to clashes inside the gathering. Clashes inside the gathering bring about structure a negative workplace and hampers the connection between the colleagues (Tadmor et al., 2012). Accordingly, the group flops in accomplishing the objectives and targets and the general execution of the representatives and associations are hampered. Because of contentions between the colleagues, the people probably won't favor a culturally diverse workplace. From the module, I have discovered that diverse workplace brings about absence of goal among the colleagues to perform better. From the different hierarchical social issues, I have discovered that the significant reason for authoritative conduct issues is because of absence of inspiration inside the group (Ramthun Matkin, 2012). Thusly, I assume, inspiration is the way to oversee socially assorted workplace effectively. Inspiration is the key oversee hierarchical conduct effectively (Paul, 2012). As per me inspiration keeps up, controls and empowers the conduct part of the workers inside the association. In this manner, adequate inspiration is fundamental for keeping up a solid culture and giving direction to the colleagues. As per me, inspiration is the inward control of the people that enacts their conduct in this manner, giving guidance and objective to the individual conduct. I have discovered that inspiration helps in accomplishing the objectives of the workers inside the group are coordinated the correct way and has legitimate direction. Inspiration is vital inside the multifaceted workplace, as this aides in setting up a positive work space. Positive working society makes the representatives progressively committed and eager towards their work in this manner, expanding the general execution of the association. As per me, inspiration likewise helps in ceaseless self-advancement of the workers. As the representatives are in ceaselessly learning stage, they will in general commit errors. I think correcting the missteps and spurring them for their commitment, exertion, and difficult work will upgrade their general execution. As the representatives get the nonstop extent of learning, improvement, and inspiration, they will in general stay with the association. This will in the long run decline the representative turnover of the business associations in this way, sparing their interior and outside assets. From the module, I have additionally discovered that inspiration helps in expanding the productivity level of the workers. Subsequently, increment the profitability happens by diminishing tasks cost alongside improving the general effectiveness (Manzoor, 2012). From the module, I have just discovered that inspiration prompts the accomplishment of hierarchical objectives bringing about most ideal usage of assets, collaboration, workplace and making the representative objective coordinated. As referenced by Li, Tan Teo (2012), pioneers give inspiration and help in making a dream for the workers. The inspiration gave by the pioneers help the workers in putting stock in themselves and accomplishing the change. Inspiration causes the representatives to cooperate as a group by tolerating each other alongside tolerating their individual qualities. As indicated by me, inspiration help singular workers to be persistent and having a wide mentality. Because of the liberality picked up by the representatives, the group faces less clashes. Be that as it may, disregarding confronting clashes, the representatives are additionally ready to determine the contention and work together. In light of inspiration, a positive and inviting workplace is built up tha t expands the efficiency of the representatives. Along these lines, the representative turnover of the associations diminishes empowering compelling administration of the assets. Inspiration is the key power driving the hierarchical conduct and achievement (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). The representatives feel demotivated because of different reasons, for example, absence of positive workplace, absence of powerful correspondence between the administrators and representatives and among the representatives alongside trouble in compromise. Absence of inspiration is trying for guaranteeing and building up proper hierarchical conduct. The representatives put their difficult work and exertion for the improvement and progress of the association. As proposed by Chaudhry Javed (2012), the commitment of the workers expands the hierarchical profitability and execution. Thus, the associations can continue in the serious market. At specific examples, the representatives get effectively demotivated because of the idea of their work. For instance, the essential level specialists of the assembling business are effectively demotivated because of the monotonous idea of the work. I n this manner, demotivated representatives hamper the general conduct of the association. As referenced by Faletar et al., (2016), demotivated representatives needs commitment towards the work and commitment towards the association. Accordingly, the representatives can't make the most of their work. As the laborers can't make the most of their work, the nature of nature gets repetitive and depleting for them. In this way, the workers are need promise to their separate occupation job along these lines, bringing about absence of representative commitment. Absence of worker commitment builds the pace of non-attendance in this manner, making an unseemly hierarchical conduct (Pascual-Ezama, Prel

Nutrition and Obesity Researchers Essay Example

Sustenance and Obesity Researchers Essay Sustenance and Obesity Researchers BY kellygur13636 Obesity and Ways to Overcome It 1 Obesity A. )What is Obesity? 1 . ) Too much muscle versus fat 2. ) BMI figures this B. )What are the causes? 1 . ) Overeating/Fast food 2. ) insufficient exercise 3. ) Television promotions 4. ) Genes C. )Physical impacts 1 . ) Not appealing 2. ) Health issues a. ) Diabetes b. ) High pulse D. )Mental Effects 1 . ) Social segregation 2. ) Bias because of media 3. ) Low confidence 4. ) Depression 5. ) Eating Disorders 6. ) Limitations E. )Avoidance 1 . ) Limiting inexpensive food and calorie admission 2. ) Read sustenance realities . Exercise F. )End 1 . ) Eating right and exercise is the way to being sound 2. ) Websites that can help corpulence Obesity is turning into a significant issue in America today. More than 33% of the populace is hefty as indicated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and almost 112,000 individuals pass on every year from corpulence related ailments (Adult Obesi ty Facts). Heftiness is still on the ascent and has been for quite a long time. Weight can influence anybody paying little heed to age, race, or sex. THERE ARE MANY FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO OBESITY AND THESE CAN HAVE MANY NEGATIVE EFFECTS BUT REASEARCH HAS Demonstrated THAT HEALTHLY EATING HABITS AND EXERCISE CAN HELP AN INDIVIDUAL LIMIT THESE EFFECTS. Stoutness just methods having an excess of muscle to fat ratio. This typically happens when one takes in a bigger number of calories than he can consume off. This causes additional muscle versus fat and after some time estimated with BMI: Body Mass Index (BMI) can be utilized to quantify both overweight and weight in grown-ups. It is the estimation of decision for some heftiness analysts and other wellbeing experts. BMI is an immediate estimation dependent on tallness and weight, and it isn't sexual orientation explicit. Most wellbeing associations and distributed data on verweight and its related hazard factors use BMI to gauge and characterize overweight and heftiness. BMI doesn't legitimately gauge percent of muscle to fat ratio, however it gives a more precise proportion of overweight and stoutness than depending on weight alone (How Obesity is Measured). A BMI of 18. 5 to 24. 9 is viewed as solid for grown-ups. A BMI of 25 to 29. 9 is viewed as overweight, while a BMI of 30 or more is viewed as fat. Individuals with BMIs of 18. 5 or less are viewed as underweight (Weight Loss Diet Plans). Weight can be brought about by a few things. We will compose a custom article test on Nutrition and Obesity Researchers explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Nutrition and Obesity Researchers explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Nutrition and Obesity Researchers explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Eating an excessive number of greasy nourishments and not xercising is one reason. A few people believe that cheap food is to be faulted for heftiness. Cheap food is so delectable, helpful, and modest. The part estimates are greater than they ought to be with supersize and extra-huge. As indicated by McDonalds USA nourishment realities a major macintosh contains 550 calories, an enormous French fry contains 500 calories, and a huge coke contains 310 calories. That is an aggregate of 1,360 calories for one supper which is the greater part of the day by day suggested measure of 2,000 calories (McDonalds USA Nutrition Facts for Popular Menu Items). Cheap food promotions are continually appeared on TV. Sponsors go through such a lot of cash publicizing messages for youngsters and teenagers. In the book Obesity and the Media, Oconner states: According to a Kaiser Family Foundation study, the normal American youngster observes in excess of forty thousand TV plugs for every year Most of these forty thousand advertisements are for candy, grain, pop, and inexpensive food ( Oconner 21). Its no big surprise individuals pick inexpensive food over sound, home cooked dinners. Qualities can likewise cause stoutness. The qualities that could impact stoutness are as yet being explored. Freedman states: According to the U. S. Habitats for Disease Control and anticipation, a few autonomous examinations have revealed that a quality alluded to as a FTO(fat mass-and heftiness related) quality may be liable for up to 22 percent of all instances of regular weight when all is said in done population(Freedman 14). On the off chance that a people guardians are corpulent, he is in danger of getting large. On the off chance that both of a people guardians are stout, this hazard copies. Kids will in general follow the dietary patterns of their folks. So if the parent is continually eating greasy nourishments, the kid follows on the grounds that they think it is alright (How Parents Are Influencing Their Childrens Bad Eating Habits). In todays society Obesity isn't appealing. Once in a while do you see somebody who is corpulent in motion pictures or magazines since she isn't truly appealing to the vast majority. In addition to the fact that obesity affects somebody outwardly, corpulence can likewise make numerous physical impacts ones wellbeing. Being overweight or hefty can improve the probability of creating genuine medical issues including the accompanying: type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary illness, stroke, a few kinds of malignancy, nerve bladder infection, osteoarthritis, respiratory issues, and rest apnea (Overview of Obesity). the book The Mental and Physical Effects of Obesity, Jeri Freedman states: 90% of individuals with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Studies have indicated a cozy connection among weight and type 2 diabetes. Previously, most instances of type 2 diabetes were analyzed in moderately aged and old individuals. Be that as it may, in quantities of preteens and teenagers have been analyzed late years, expanding with type 2 diabetes (22). This can make the lives of these individuals extremely troublesome. An individual with diabetes should follow an uncommon eating regimen, take drug, and continually screen the degree of sugar in his blood. In the event that this isn't followed, it could cause different issues and could be deadly (22). Hypertension, which can likewise be connected to stoutness, is a genuine condition that can prompt coronary illness, cardiovascular breakdown, stroke, kidney disappointment, and other medical issues. In an online article titled High Blood Pressure and Obesity it says: Many clinical investigations have demonstrated a connection among heftiness and hypertension. Truth be told, hefty individuals have a worse hypertension than individuals with an ordinary circulatory strain. The cardiovascular hazard is expanded with heftiness (High Blood Pressure and Obesity). Its disturbing to realize that heftiness can cause this numerous medical issues. There are likewise numerous psychological issues that are connected to weight. Social segregation is normal among individuals who are fat. Corpulence is looked downward on. Individuals can figure out how to be one-sided from messages in the media. In the book Obesity Discrimination by Dale-Marie Bryan, he expresses: A recent report distributed in Research and Practice by Greenberg, Eastin ,Hofschire, Brownell and Lachlian, demonstrated that, all things considered, one out of four ladies is hefty, however on TV just three out of each one hundred ladies are depicted as heavier. It likewise demonstrated that men, in actuality, are multiple times bound to be enormous estimated than he men on TV (27). All things considered, individuals believe that the world ought to be thin, and attempt to satisfy those guidelines. Segregation can occur at school, work, and even inside families. Some of the time kids who are hefty are disregarded and ridiculed by other youngsters. This can cause low confidence. Low confidence can prompt discouragement. Freedman states: Depressed individuals regularly have low vitality, which makes them more averse to get exercise and bound to remain at home and eat (33). Heftiness can likewise prompt dietary problems as a result of the accentuation of being overweight. In an online article it states: High quantities of youthful young ladies are detailing that they are disappointed with their bodies and are attempting to get in shape in unfortunate ways, including skipping suppers, fasting, and utilizing tobacco. Fewer young ladies are in any event, falling back on progressively extraordinary techniques, for example, self-incited spewing, diet pills, and diuretic use. (Dietary issues and Obesity). Individuals who are hefty can't do some of things that individuals who arent fat can do. One model is, when heading off to a carnival, there are weight restricts on the rides, and the seats are made for littler individuals. Somebody who is stout can't get n. Cinemas, restrooms, and eatery corners are totally made for littler edges so being large makes it difficult to utilize these. A companion of mine, is viewed as corpulent. She is 25 years of age, weighs 300 pounds and is 58. She has been stout since grade school. I directed a telephone talk with Being stout has influenced me genuinely on the grounds that its difficult for me to do physical exercises and I become exhausted and tire without any problem. Intellectually, I frequently feel discouraged in light of my weight. Now and then I feel that individuals take a gander at me diversely due to my weight and scrutinize me. I have been considered fat and a whale various occasions by my friends. It is something that I battle with consistently. I havent had a genuine connection with a male and I accept that it is a direct result of my weight. Folks Just dont appear to discover me alluring. Both of my folks have died at a youthful age due to being hefty. The two of them experienced diabetes and hypertension. My mom was 45 when she kicked the bucket and my dad was 47. This has opened my eyes and I have been attempting to change my dietary patterns and exercise more. It is difficult however since I have been like this for my entire life. Being hefty influences Katie from multiple points of view. It is pitiful to hear how individuals treat her in view of her weight. In my eyes, she is an incredible individual, and I dont Judge her by her weight. I do attempt to urge her to change her dietary patterns and exercise all the more oftentimes in light of the fact that I dont need her to lose her life in view of her stoutness. There are a few different ways that heftiness can be forestalled and treated. Constraining the measure of food, particularly inexpensive food, is a decent way. Since inexpensive food is so high in cholesterol

A Combined Analysis of Abelards Accounts of Sin and Atonement - Literature Essay Samples

Throughout his tumultuous career, Peter Abelard faced a series of vehement backlashes against his theological work as well as the manner in which he conducted his personal life; indeed, his affair and secret marriage to Heloise famously culminated in a physical castration, and his conflicts with Bernard and William of St. Thierry, a theological one. Abelards controversial stance regarding the Trinity and the rights of the devil lead to his condemnation at the Council of Sens in 1141 and, after a failed attempt to win favour with the Pope, he was excommunicated and his works burned. The viciousness of Bernards polemic against Abelard has branded him and his theology with the stamp of heresy, but Abelard was a talented thinker and debater, as the Chambers Biographical Dictionary describes him, the keenest thinker and boldest theologian of the 12th Century[1] and, especially given the rise of the moral theory of atonement within our more liberal modern context, Abelards theology, especi ally his soteriology, deserves to be revisited. Having disregarded the ransom and satisfaction theories of atonement, ubiquitous in medieval soteriology, Abelard embarked upon a consideration of the true role of Christ and the crucifixion within Gods model of salvation. He does so in relation to his specific conception of sin. In this essay, I will aim to examine whether Abelards account of sin sheds any light on his account of the atonement. I will seek to sustain the line of argument that Abelards conception of sin is inextricably linked to his understanding of atonement; his belief in the inherited punishment of original sin renders Christs death necessary for our freedom from this punishment. Simultaneously, however, we find in Abelard a shift from this bloody, sacrificial salvation towards an atonement of love; his understanding of sin as entirely intentional necessarily means that salvation, for Abelard, must occur at the level of the intention- Christs death works in a subjec tive sense to ensure the redirection of our intentions from concupiscence to purity and from fear to love. This is not to argue that Abelard is a proto-modern moral atonement theorist since he does still seem to subscribe to the idea of the objective sacrifice. However, in Abelard, we find a definite movement towards a soteriology spinning on the axis of love; Abelards conception of righteousness is defined in terms of loving God and, in turn, his conception of sin is defined in terms of a lack of this love. Atonement, therefore, hinges on the rekindling of lost love. In order to assess the extent to which Abelards conception of sin sheds light on his theory of the atonement, it is first of all necessary to explore what sin looks like for Abelard; as Williams notes, Abelards understanding of the power that sin has over us will be crucial to understanding what he thinks Christ accomplished for us on the Cross.'[2] Abelard seems to be espousing a dual-level understanding of sin whereby he argues that we are bound by the punishment for original sin (the objective dominion of sin)[3], on the one hand, and bound by personal sin (the subjective dominion of sin)[4] on the other. I will turn to the latter type first. I think it is fair to say that Abelards understanding of sin is inextricably linked to his idea of righteousness which, as Williams observes, is simply to love God for his own sake and to act rightly out of love for him.'[5] This love Abelard refers to as charity; it exists both in us and in God with Gods own charity sparking charity in his creation towards him. Given that righteousness and justice hinge on loving God, it follows that our sin is scorn for the creator, and to sin is to scorn the creator- not to do for his sake what we believe we ought to do for his sake, or not to renounce for his sake what we believe ought to be renounced.'[6] Acting against Gods will is tantamount to acting against God, therefore acting outside of perfect love for him. Abelard postulates a highly individualistic conception of sin; guilt is located in the soul of each individual and they therefore have sole responsibility for the management of it and, in turn, their relationship with the creator since, as Kemeny points out, the object of sin is God; sin interrupts harmonious relations between Creator and creature.'[7] Abelard espouses a somewhat complex view of the location of sin, the point at which sin actually takes place. Contrary to the thought of many of his contemporaries, Abelard rejects the notion that actions themselves can have an ethical value irrespective of intention; he writes that there is no substance to a sin; it consists of non-being rather than of being. It is as if we define shadows by saying they are the absence of light where light did have being.'[8] In addition, Abelard rejects the notion that the vices of the mind and body which make an individual prone to sin are not, in and of themselves, sinful since some vices of the mind do not lead to sin ; as Kemeny writes, some vices of the mind- for example, dullness- do not make people prone to sin. Others, like irascibility, do.'[9] Through overcoming these vices, one can nurture merit and virtue but they are not inherently sinful themselves. Instead, these morally neutral vices make the will inclined to act in an unfitting way . It is in the intention that Abelard locates sin; actions have a derivative ethical value from the intentions with which they are committed. As Marenbon writes, actions are rightly described of good or bad, but only by virtue of the intentions from which they spring. But intentions, although they belong to the life of the mind, are sinful only in relation to a definitely intended (although perhaps prevented) action.'[10] Any intention to act against the will of God shows contempt for God and any intention which seeks to do what the individual believes to be good/ in accordance with Gods will is demonstrating love. There is no fault in acting in accordance with a good intention but to be morally good, the belief to which the intention is aiming must be correct. For Abelard, consent is giving into ones intention. The intention is what understands the action- the reasons for committing it, the moral value of the action etc. Though for Abelard, an agent is not responsible for their nat ural inclinations, they are responsible for what they consent to in order to satiate their appetites. Abelard maintains that much of our immoral behaviour is actually involuntary- we cannot help but consent to satiate our desires- but this does not excuse them nor mean we are not morally responsible for these involuntary actions. Consenting to act against the will of God, irrespective of natural inclination, is tantamount to refusing God the love he is due from his creation. In tandem with his subjective understanding of personal guilt and sin, Abelard espouses a specific understanding of original sin and the burden which post-lapsarian humanity carries. Firstly, the conditions which incline human beings towards evil desires were generated during the fall; the fall disrupts the ability of the rational soul to rule the body and there exists a void between humanity and God. Thus, after the fall, humanity inherits certain bodily and mental weaknesses, the morally neutral vices which Abelard speaks of. It is these vices, however, which give rise to the evil desires which lead to sin. In addition, the fall generated sin-inducing conditions in making the world less bearable; as Williams observes, because of original sin, we are subject to temporal misfortune as well as eternal damnation. The hardships of this present life in turn incline us to look for security in worldly goods, and the Law, by promising us such goods, makes our desire for them all the more fe rvent.'[11] With regards to original sin proper, Abelard takes a very different stance to the majority of his contemporaries. He argues not that humanity has inherent sin by virtue of its relation to the first parents, Adam and Eve, but that it possesses an inherent punishment for that sin. As Abelard writes, and so, since we say that people are procreated and born with original sin, and that they contracted this original sin from their first parents, it seems that this ought rather to be related to the punishment for sinthan to the guilt of the soul and contempt of God.'[12] Original sin, or the punishment for it, is transmitted through sexual intercourse, in the loose sense that it is transmitted from parent to offspring, but the sexual act itself is not sinful and adds nothing to the punishment of original sin. It seems, then, that Abelard is espousing a two-level approach to sin- original punishment is inherited by every human being but, separate from this, every human being gathers their own personal guilt based on their succumbing to evil intentions. As we shall see, this two-fold understanding of sin feeds into a distinctly twofold understanding of atonement. In addition, it will become clear that with regards to personal guilt, Abelards focus on sin as the lack of love towards God will become the focus of his atonement theory. Abelard emphasizes the transformative power of Christ on the cross as the sole mechanism for atonement for personal sin. Abelard focuses on what the death of Christ did in us. Undergirding Abelards thought is the fundamental idea that Christians should never serve God out of fear but only out of love; theories such as the ransom or satisfaction models make us unwilling to express love for God on account of the bloody act we have witnessed in the death of Christ- it is not the product of love. For Abelard, if we serve God out of fear, we do not truly love God and without this love we cannot hope to achieve salvation. Alternatively, Abelard wants to argue that through the atonement, God generates a love in us that allows us to do good works. The mechanism of salvation from personal guilt is at the level of the human heart. This makes sense when one considers Abelards aforementioned understanding of sin as individualistic and intentional. Through a newly revived love for God inspired by the passion and a desire to imitate the perfect love manifested in Christ, our intentions are once again pointed towards acting in accordance with Gods will and thus away from concupiscence (the lusts and desires of the heart). As Abelard writes, through this unique grace that he displayed to us- namely that the Son assumed our nature and taught us through his words and his example, unto death- he has bound us closer to him in lovetherefore, the true love of anybody who is the recipient of such a favor of divine grace will not recoil from suffering (tolerare) for his sake[13] However, although it is undeniable that Abelard heavily espouses this subjectivist understanding of atonement and does seek to move atonement theology more in the direction of transformation through love rather than fear, I think that Abelards status as a mere exemplarist can sometimes be over-emphasized. Nieuwenhove summarizes the response of many to Abelards soteriology: Abelards understanding of salvation i s utterly subjectivist (it is something that happens to us) while a balanced soteriology should be objectivist as well.'[14] Abelards contemporaries condemned him for a similar reason, arguing that his theory of atonement was on the side of heretical Pelagianism; for example, the Pelagian danger Bernard fears is that Abelard has rendered Christs atoning work unnecessary for our salvation. On such a view, we are in principle capable of earning worthiness of salvation on our own.'[15] It is clear, however, that these Pelagian/ mere exemplarist accusations are ill-founded. Abelard does clearly accept the objective transaction occurring at the crucifixion of Christ. Firstly, it is through this objective transaction that the inherited punishment for original sin is absolved. Abelard clearly is not rejecting the notion of bloody transaction or payment; as he writes in his commentary on Romans seven, we had the power to sell ourselves into slavery, but we do not have the power to buy ourselves back. Innocent blood was given for us. Nor can we free ourselves from the dominion of sin by our powers, but only by the grace of the redeemer.[16] As Williams notes, Christ is our redeemer. the one who buys us back. The price he paid was his blood- in other words, his life. One could hardly ask for a clearer affirmation of an objective transaction.Christ bore the punishment for our sins so that we dont have to.the punishment to which we would otherwise have been subject is cance lled.'[17] In this sense, then, Abelard is espousing a version of the penal substitution model whereby Christ dissolves our punishment for Adams sin. In addition to Abelard advocating the idea of an objective transaction as the mechanism for absolution from the punishment for original sin, it also seems to be the case that without the objective transaction, there would be nothing to enkindle the love necessary for atonement in the subjective sense. It is through the imitation of Christs perfect sacrificial love that we are saved; as McGrath observes, Abailard is an exemplarist if, and only if, it can be shown that he understands Christ to be our example, through whose imitation we are redeemed- whereas it is clear that he understands Christ to be out example in the sense that, because we are redeemed by him, we now wish to imitate him.'[18] Without Christs gift of redemption and the selflessness necessary for the achievement of it, we are not only inspired to imitate Christ but also grateful for his grace. It seems, then, that Abelard cannot be categorized a mere exemplarist since, firstly, he espouses a dual-level theory of atone ment, and, secondly, the example necessary for the exemplarist position was only provided by an objective transaction. I think that Quinns assessment of Abelard as a hierarchical pluralist'[19] is an accurate one; he argues that like Aquinas, he offers an account of the Atonement that has a dominant motif to which others are subordinated.'[20] Indeed, Abelard does have an objective and subjective element to his atonement theory but I think it is also true to say that the objective elements are underdeveloped in comparison to the subjective. Abelard wants to emphasize the transformative power of love in his atonement hierarchy against the backdrop of sacrificial, satisfaction theories and, thus, perhaps emphasizes the subjectivist side of his theory to a greater extent. This does not, however, mean that the objective side of his understanding should be forgotten. I think that Williams offers a useful summary of the working relationship between Abelards objective and subjective elemen ts: the objective dominion of sin is our being liable to the punishment for sin, namely, eternal damnation; the Passion releases us from that dominion by way of the objective transaction thatAbelard must in consistency affirm. The subjective dominion of sin is our inability to withstand the power of concupiscence; the Passion releases us from that dominion by way of the subjective transformation that the exemplarist reading of Abelard has taken as central.[21] It seems that Abelards conception of sin is inextricably linked to his theory of atonement. His postulation of a dual level sin- original sin (punishment), which is inherited, and personal sin, which is individually accumulated- is mapped onto his soteriology, original punishment being absolved by an objective sacrificial transaction, and personal sin being dissolved through a redirection of the human will towards God and his love. In addition, the internalism present in Abelards conception of sin is also present in his account of atonement; since sin is located in the intent, freedom from personal sin comes from an alteration at the level of the intent/will/ heart through the transformative power of love. The entire framework of Abelards soteriological theory is love; righteousness being defined in terms of loving God and, in turn, sin being characterized in terms of a lack of this love. Atonement, therefore, hinges on the rekindling and reviving of love between the creator and his creatures. [1] The Chambers Biographical Dictionary [2] Brower, J. E., and Guilfoy, K., The Cambridge Companion to Abelard (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) p.263 [3] ibid. p.265 [4] ibid. [5] ibid. p. 261 [6] Abelard, Scito te ipsum, trans. by P. V. Spade, Peter Abelard, Ethical Writings: His Ethics or ‘Know Yourself’ and his Dialogue between a Philosopher, a Jew, and a Christian (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 1995), p.3 [7] Kemeny, P. C., ‘Peter Abelard: An Examination of his Doctrine of Original Sin’, Journal of Religious History, 16.4 (1991). p.381 [8] Abelard, Scito te ipsum, trans. by P. V. Spade, Peter Abelard, Ethical Writings: His Ethics or ‘Know Yourself’ and his Dialogue between a Philosopher, a Jew, and a Christian (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 1995), p.3 [9] Kemeny, P. C., ‘Peter Abelard: An Examination of his Doctrine of Original Sin’, Journal of Religious History, 16.4 (1991). p.381 [10] Marenbon, J. , The Philosophy of Peter Abelard (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 256. [11] Brower, J. E., and Guilfoy, K., The Cambridge Companion to Abelard (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) p.268 [12] Commentaris, p.64. Cited in Kemeny, P. C., ‘Peter Abelard: An Examination of his Doctrine of Original Sin’, Journal of Religious History, 16.4 (1991). p.375 [13] Commentary on Romans 3.26 [14] Van Nieuwenhove, R., An Introduction to Medieval Theology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012) [15] Quinn, P. L., ‘Abelard on Atonement: Nothing Unintelligible, Arbitrary, Illogical or Immoral about it’, in E. Stump, ed., Reasoned Faith: Essays in Philosophical Theology in Honor of Norman Kretzmann (New York: Cornell University Press, 1993), p.293 [16] Commentary on Romans 205 [17] Brower, J. E., and Guilfoy, K., The Cambridge Companion to Abelard (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) p.263 [18] McGrath, A., ‘The Moral Theory of th e Atonement: An Historical and Theological Critique’, Scottish Journal of Theology, 38.2 (1985), p.209 [19] Quinn, P. L., ‘Abelard on Atonement: Nothing Unintelligible, Arbitrary, Illogical or Immoral about it’, in E. Stump, ed., Reasoned Faith: Essays in Philosophical Theology in Honor of Norman Kretzmann (New York: Cornell University Press, 1993), p.291 [20] ibid. [21] Brower, J. E., and Guilfoy, K., The Cambridge Companion to Abelard (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) p.265

Unequal Opportunity For Women s Workplace - 1334 Words

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Even the most educated men do follow this practice and believe they need to be paid more, because they are men. People may feel that they are bridging the gender gap, but the truth is not yet there is still a very long way to go and it is still not sure whether the gap can be bridged or not. Most of the women have a feeling of not treated in a right way. Is this just their psychological feeling or they are really in trouble can be a very interesting topic for research and survey. When it comes to public policy such as equal pay, paid sick leave, Paid time off or Paid maternity leave thenShow MoreRelatedGender Inequalities Of Workforce And Gender Inequality1594 Words   |  7 Pagesevident that women face far more significant barriers in the workforce than men do. A clear representation of this barrier is established by the gender pay gap, which is the difference in monetary amount received between a woman s and a man s average weekly earnings. 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The Internet Parent Generation Essay - 1048 Words

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Countries Journal of Hospitality Management - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Countries Journal of Hospitality Management. Answer: Push Marketing Issues in Tourism Industry Tourism industry is continuously influenced by the implementation of the latest technology which results in changing its operations. Internet and online based services have transformed the method of marketing for tourism companies. Most of the tourist agencies use push marketing to advertise their services and offers to the customers. Push marketing is defined as an advertising approach which is implemented by corporations to advertise their product to potential customers even when they do not have any desire or interest to purchase the product or services. The example of push marketing includes showing up uninvited at home for selling products, short commercials before YouTube videos, newspaper advertisements, online floating banner advertisements, and unsolicited telephone calls (Ryan, 2013). The issues with these marketing styles are that customers are not interested in such advertisements. Instead of attracting, these advertisements annoy the customers which decrease companys sal es. Billboards, newspaper advertisements, posters, pamphlets, television commercials, and telephone calls are some of the techniques use by travel agencies to target their potential customers. Due to the popularity of the internet and online-based services, the number of online travel agencies has grown substantially, and these companies use online platforms such as social media sites, YouTube, and other websites to display their advertisements. Another issue with push marketing is that companies are in charge of the advertisements rather than customers. The advertisements of travel agencies might come to strong on customers which frustrate them (Goodall and Ashworth, 2013). The expenses of push marketing are also considerably high than compared to other marketing methods because travel agencies have to display their advertisements on various sources such as billboards, websites, television, pamphlets, social media sites and others. The corporations also face the difficulty of irregular traffic because there are a larger number of organisations which use push marketing for attracting customers and it is difficult for a firm to stand out from the crowd (Jaafar et al., 2011). Analysis of Push Marketing Issues Satisfied customers are the key to business success, and they assist in sustaining travel agencies future growth. It is necessary that travel companies satisfy their customers demands and requirements, so they select them again during their travel requirements. In the 21st century, people did not prefer push marketing because it frustrates and annoys them (Veerasoontorn and Beise-Zee, 2010). The population of pull marketing has grown substantially due to the popularity of internet services. Pull marketing takes an opposite approach than push marketing; the goal is to attract customers towards the company instead of pushing advertisements over them. Most of the modern corporations use pull marketing approach because it increases their reputation and maintains a positive brand image (Mohammad and Som, 2010). Organisations use pull marketing by recognising their target audience, making information available to them and providing them incentives which attract them to select their service s. The growing popularity of social media sites has increased the role of pull marketing, and customers prefer the travel agencies which uses this method. The issues in push marketing are detrimental for travel corporations future development because it reduces sales and creates a bad brand reputation of the enterprise (Kassean and Gassita, 2013). The firms which use push marketing find it difficult to attract a large number of customers and making them loyal towards the company. Push marketing can also frustrate customers and disrupt their vacation which is detrimental to corporations growth because it annoys customers, and they started avoiding companys services. The travel agencies also require maintaining large and complex amount of data in push marketing strategy which increases their expenses and reduce profits. The competition in the tourism industry is fierce, and corporations implement strategic policies to maintain customers loyalty (Pesonen et al., 2011). Therefore, the trave l agencies are require to strategically implement policies to address the issues relating to push marketing in order to sustain their future development. Recommendations Following recommendations can be implemented by the traveling agencies to address the issues relating to push marketing strategy that can assist in the sustainable development of the enterprises and the industry. Focus towards Pull Marketing Strategy Internet and social media sites have connected people throughout the world with each other and corporations use these platforms to engage with their customers. People did not prefer push marketing methods because they feel annoyed and frustrated by the constant advertisements. Instead of using push marketing, travel agencies should focus on implementing pull marketing strategy in order to increase their sales and create a loyal customers base. According to a study conducted by GE Capital Retail Bank, more than 81 percent of the customers look for products online before deciding on buying them (Charbonneau, 2013). As per the 2015 study of Expedia Media Solutions, the number of sites leisure travels visit before selecting their travel package has dropped 88 percent due to various factors (Hotel Marketing, 2017). Now, the sites are consolidated which means single travel site provides multiple traveling facilities; the services of travel sites have also improved, and Googles services have become smarter, and they provide recommendations based on customers preferences. These studies prove that customers prefer to check offers before buying a traveling plan; therefore, travel agencies should focus on pull marketing instead of push marketing. Customer engagement With the populations of social media sites, the role of customer engagement has grown between modern corporations, and they use it to sustain their future development. Many corporations use social media sites to engage with their customers which assist them in resolving their quarries, collect feedback, and improve their brand image. Starbucks is a good example; the corporation uses social media sites to engage with their customers that increase their brand image and create a loyal customer base which sustains their future development. Starbucks post advertisements through social media accounts which automatically target interested customers who follow the company and it reduces marketing expenses (Chua and Banerjee, 2013). Similarly, travel agencies should establish a dedicated customer engagement program on social media sites in which employees interact with customers to resolve their quarries and collect their feedbacks. The data collected through customer engagement can assist travel agencies in creating new offers for their customers based on their requirements which increase companys sales. The corporations can also create a loyal customer base by engaging with their customers and listening to their quarries and instantly solving them. This strategy can assist travel agencies in marketing their products through word-to-mouth advertisement and by posting their new offers through social media sites (Cabiddu, De Carlo and Piccoli, 2014). Customer engagement program also improve companys online rating; any customer looking for a travel agency online will prefer to choose a highly rated company which increases firms sales. Increasing Online Presence Travel agencies should invest heavily in positively improving their online presence since it assists them in addressing the issues relating to push marketing. Instead of advertising to random people, travel agencies should target their specific customers who are genuinely interested in their products. The company can use social media sites and Google analytics to find their loyal customer bases and use push marketing strategy to target them. The advertisement should be based on customers requirements, and the firm should use click baits, discounts, incentives or attractive offers to attract customers (Smith, Costello and Muenchen, 2010). Travel agencies should increase their push marketing budget and use Googles services to show their advertisements when people search for travel-related keywords. By implementing these policies, travel agencies can address the issues of push marketing and use it to sustain their future growth. References Cabiddu, F., De Carlo, M. and Piccoli, G. (2014) Social media affordances: Enabling customer engagement.Annals of Tourism Research,48, pp.175-192. Charbonneau, K. (2013) 81% of shoppers research online before buying. [Online] Thornley Fallis. Available at https://thornleyfallis.com/81-of-shoppers-research-online-before-buying/ [Accessed 13th January 2018]. Chua, A.Y. and Banerjee, S. (2013) Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(2), pp.237-249. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds. (2013)Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Hotel Marketing. (2017) Number of sites leisure travellers visit before booking drops by 88%. [Online] Hotel Marketing. Available at https://hotelmarketing.com/index.php/content/article/number_of_sites_leisure_travelers_visit_before_booking_drops_by_88 [Accessed 13th January 2018]. Jaafar, M., Abdul-Aziz, A.R., Maideen, S.A. and Mohd, S.Z. (2011) Entrepreneurship in the tourism industry: Issues in developing countries.International Journal of Hospitality Management,30(4), pp.827-835. Kassean, H. and Gassita, R. (2013) Exploring tourists push and pull motivations to visit Mauritius as a tourist destination.African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure,2(3), pp.1-13. Mohammad, B. and Som, A. (2010) An analysis of push and pull travel motivations of foreign tourists to Jordan.International Journal of Business and Management,5(12), p.41. Pesonen, J., Komppula, R., Kronenberg, C. and Peters, M. (2011) Understanding the relationship between push and pull motivations in rural tourism.Tourism Review,66(3), pp.32-49. Ryan, C. (2013) Pull Marketing vs. Push Marketing The Shifting Battleground. [Online] Fusion Marketing Partners. Available at https://greatb2bmarketing.com/pull-marketing/pull-marketing-vs-push-marketing-the-shifting-battleground/ [Accessed 13th January 2018]. Smith, S., Costello, C. and Muenchen, R.A. (2010) Influence of push and pull motivations on satisfaction and behavioral intentions within a culinary tourism event.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism,11(1), pp.17-35. Veerasoontorn, R. and Beise-Zee, R. (2010) International hospital outshopping: a staged model of push and pull factors.International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing,4(3), pp.247-264.